The Vein Clinic — Specialist Treatment of Varicose Veins with Laser & Radiofrequency Keyhole Surgery

Varicose veins are one of the most common venous conditions. Around 30% of women and 15% of men are affected. The biggest single risk factor is heredity — veins often run in families, and many patients will have relatives with the same condition. Although varicose veins are more frequent in older people, they often cause the greatest problems in younger, active individuals, where they may interfere with work, sport, and leisure activities.

Varicose veins are also more common in women who have had children. The likelihood increases with the number of pregnancies. While pressure from the womb may play a role, research suggests that hormonal changes — particularly relaxation of vein walls — are more significant. It is sometimes thought that prolonged standing causes varicose veins, but this has never been scientifically proven.

Doctors know that varicose veins develop due to failure of the one‑way valves in the leg veins. These valves normally allow blood to flow back to the heart. When they fail, blood pools in the veins, causing them to stretch, swell, and twist into the rope‑like appearance typical of varicose veins.

Many people with varicose veins have no symptoms at all. When symptoms do occur, they are usually troublesome rather than dangerous. Only a small proportion of patients develop ulcers, and there are almost always early warning signs such as skin darkening or eczema around the ankle.

This is the most common reason patients seek treatment. Many people with varicose veins feel self‑conscious and avoid wearing shorts or skirts. In our clinic, we have seen mothers who avoid swimming with their children or feel uncomfortable undressing due to the appearance of their veins.

Aching, heaviness, and leg fatigue are frequent complaints, particularly after long periods of standing. Some patients also experience itching, ankle swelling, or restless legs. Symptoms are often worse at the end of the day, and in some cases, patients report night cramps linked to varicose veins.

In a minority of patients, varicose veins can lead to venous ulcers. The earliest signs include eczema or skin discolouration near the ankle. The skin may feel warmer and gradually tighten. Following even a minor injury, a small ulcer can develop, which may enlarge and heal slowly. Fortunately, only a small percentage of patients with varicose veins progress to this stage.